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Military forces have existed for thousands of years as organized bodies established to provide for the security and defense of a nation, state, or people. However, the concept of a "military branch" as we understand it today is relatively modern, dating back to the 15th century. This is when contemporary military units and formations, such as company, battalion, regiment, etc., primarily arose. This article explores some of the oldest military units and branches that are still in continuous operation today.
The Moroccan Royal Guard: The Oldest Military Unit in Continuous Operation
Established in 1088, the Moroccan Royal Guard is considered the oldest military unit in continuous operation. The Guard traces its origins to the prestigious Black Guard created by the Almoravid Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin as his personal guard. This recruitment tradition was continued by the Almohads through the 13th century and for the following dynasties. The Alaouite Sultan Moulay Ismail reorganized the Black Guard into permanent infantry and cavalry units at the beginning of the 18th century, giving rise to the Royal Guard as we know it today.
King's Own Immemorial 1st Infantry Regiment: One of the First Standing Units in Europe
The King's Own Immemorial 1st Infantry Regiment was established in 1248, making it one of the oldest continuously operating military units in Europe. It remains in the order of battle of the Spanish armies since its creation and is currently responsible for providing the central seat of Spanish Army Headquarters security, services, and support needed for its functioning.
Other Noteworthy Oldest Military Units
Several other military units also hold the distinction of being among the oldest in continuous operation. These include:
The 1st Infantry Regiment of France, established in 1479 by King Louis XI.
The Yeomen of the Guard, the oldest British military corps still in existence, created by King Henry VII in 1485.
The Royal Netherlands Navy, with its foundations laid in 1488 by Maximilian I.
The Papal Swiss Guard, one of the oldest active military units presently in existence, established in 1506.
The 9th Infantry Regiment “Soria” of Spain, founded in 1509 as the "Tercio of Napoli" or "Tercio de Zamudio".
Conclusion
The history of military branches is rich and varied, with some units tracing their origins back to more than a millennium. The Moroccan Royal Guard and the King's Own Immemorial 1st Infantry Regiment stand out as the two oldest military units in continuous operation. This legacy not only reflects the longevity and historical continuity of these units but also the enduring need for organized military structures in human societies.
